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Every campaign needs a defined set of recipients. When you create a campaign, you choose a resolution mode that determines how Serval builds the recipient list.

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Resolution Modes

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Users & Groups

Pick individual users and/or existing Serval user groups. All members of the selected groups receive the campaign message.
  • You can combine individual users and groups in the same campaign. Serval deduplicates recipients who appear in more than one group or are also selected individually.
  • Recipients are resolved at the time you run the campaign, so any group membership changes between creation and execution are reflected.
  • Template variables like {{Recipient.FirstName}}, {{Recipient.LastName}}, and {{Recipient.Email}} are populated from each user’s Serval profile.

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CSV Upload

Upload a CSV file to define a custom recipient list. Use this when your audience doesn’t map to existing users and groups, or when you need to include custom data fields in your message.

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Required columns

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Optional columns

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How it works

  1. Upload your CSV file in the recipients step of the campaign wizard.
  2. Serval validates the file and displays a preview with any row-level errors (missing emails, invalid timezones, unrecognized formats).
  3. Fix any errors and re-upload, or proceed if validation passes.
  4. Recipients are stored when you save the campaign. They don’t change if you update the CSV file externally.

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Custom template variables

All columns become template variables with a CSV. prefix. For example, a CSV with columns email, timezone, department, and office_location makes {{CSV.department}} and {{CSV.office_location}} available for personalization in the message editor.
Custom variable names are derived from your CSV column headers exactly as written. Use clear, descriptive headers like department or start_date so they’re easy to identify in the message editor.

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Example CSV

This CSV makes the following template variables available: {{CSV.department}} and {{CSV.manager_name}}, in addition to the standard variables ({{Recipient.FirstName}}, {{Recipient.LastName}}, {{Recipient.FullName}}, {{Recipient.Email}}).